Study of Bonding between Façade Stones and Substrates with and without Anchorage Using Shear-Splitting Test—Case Study: Travertine, Granite, and Marble

This paper presents an investigation into the bond strength of three common façade stones, namely, travertine, granite, and marble, to a concrete substrate using shear-splitting test. The effects anchorage, number curing days, presence anti-freezing agent in cement–sand mortar on were studied. results show that days had significant impact between stones substrates. accelerator increased bonding during initial but this effect gradually decreased. use anchorage positive strength, particularly with fewer days. Granite lowest when no was used due its low permeability. Based findings, novel fuzzy logic approach proposed predict strength. study provides valuable insights improving substrates can aid safe efficient these materials construction.